All about star wars :: essays research papers

Star Wars, by George Lucas, is an excellent movie. This movie is filled with archetypal and mythic patterns , and the ideas represented in the film be essential ingredients to human emotion . The most obvious idea represented by the movie is religion. Good versus Evil, Light versus Dark, and the Rebels versus the Empire -- these are all unearthly overtones in the elaborate story line. The religious connections become apparent when aspects of the movie are analyzed.      Star Wars opens with a deserted desert planet where the viewer is introduced to the of import character, Luke Skywalker, and his aunt and uncle. Luke is a young kid who yearns for adventure, he is gifted with a strong grasp of "The Force", a mystical ability to manipulate the surroundings with ones mind. At first, Luke is unaware of his gift, and unsure of his beliefs. He is guided by a old wise man named Obi-Wan Kenobi, A one time Jedi Knight. Jedi Knights were once the protectors of the extragalactic nebula but are all but extinct. Obi-Wan provides guidance for the young Skywalker, teaching him how to use his gift for good. Once Luke lets go of his mental block, and is able to finger the force, Obi-Wan tells him "Youve taken your first step into a larger world." The force is a religion that is not only an idea, but seems to have physical properties to it. Its all powerful, standardized a God, but yet the Jedi have found a way to interact with it. The force is balanced between good and evil, providing room in the galaxy for both. Obi-wan describes the force as "what gives the Jedi his power... Its an energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us, it penetrates us, and binds the galaxy together. Also on the good side of The Force, there are the Rebels, and Princess Leia. It is enkindle to note that all of the foot soldiers of the Rebel Alliance wear helmets which are open faced, so that the viewer can see the face of the rebel, and h umanize them. Princess Leia represents the damozel in distress that is held captive by the evil lord, Darth Vader. The Princess is dressed in a white gown to show innocence, purity, and truth.      There are also characters in Star Wars that are somewhat neutral when it comes to The Force.

The Running Mate :: essays research papers

The Running Mate, Joe Kleins political novel, contained a fictional candidate named Charlie Martin. In this book, Charlie Martin is democratic candidate for the U. S. Senate. Martin was a Vietnam veteran, who became a politician because of his mother who was Martins hometown Mayor. Four years earlier, Mr. Martin ran for President. He was defeated in the primary election by the current fictional President, Democrat Jack Stanton and at the end of novel has aspirations to run for Governor. Charlie Martin has several strengths and weakness as a political candidate. rough of his strengths atomic number 18 that he is a good speaker, as demonstrated in the debates, a Vietnam veteran, and has experience. His major weakness was that his mind was not on the runnel, but on a woman. Also, in this novel, there were the Lords. These characters served were Charlie Martins Vietnam buddies. They were his friends and some were his advisors, like Gidian Reese, who was the National Security Advisor. His role as a Senator was like that of any other Senator. He votes on bills, like the bills that were proposed by President Jack Stanton, proposes bills, and accepts illegal money from outside sources. The President, media, interest groups, committees, congressional staff and money all influence on who is institute to office. All of these people/groups influence by giving money, influencing of a persons background, or on who is an important person. Policy for appointing someone to office is that, if you scratch my back Ill scratch yours. Meaning, that if someone gives you a large amount of money, then the candidate usually returns the favor by appointed him or her to a selected office. During Charlie Martins campaign to become U. S. Senator, his advantage over his opponent was that Martin was the incumbent. The term folk-poking generally refers to shaking hands, meeting people, and making public advanceances. Elected officials use this tactic because it helps the official appear to be of the people. Also, it may help a potential official get his name out. Martins opponent, the Muffler Man, Lee Butler has several advantages over Martin. Some of these advantages are that Butler is a newcomer to politics, has his own radio show, the bible biker tour, is a well-known celebrity, and is very wealthy. The significance of family plays an important factor in Martins campaign. When running for an elected office the candidates family will be under much scrutiny.

Short story analysis :: essays research papers

"THE STORY OF TONY DELVECCHIO""This is the story of a man who grew up, lived, worked with, and became friends with some of the most famous and infamous peck of our time and he lived to tell the tale." A father angrily picks up his son from jail who was arrested with a couple of local wise guys. As they every(prenominal)ow for the prison, the son is conf apply by his fathers behavior. He thought his father would be proud since he heard all the stories of his fathers past, being best friends with John Gotti and wienerwurst Sinatra. The father takes him up to the cabin to tell him the story of his life. The fathers name is Tony Delvecchio. He begins telling his son the story of his life as a wise guy. Tony used to take beatings from his father, after his father got through beating his mother. Tony grew up in the poor town of Newark, New Jersey. To escape the beating Tony became a fighter on the job(p) out in the local gym. That is where he caught the eye of the loc al wise guys. It was his first fight and Tony was killing his opponent. He took the rage of his father out on the other fighter. This is when the two local wise guys thought that he could be useful. Smudgie and Demus ran Newark for the Mafia. They invited Tony to dinner and brought him to Jillys, the hottest nightclub in New York at the time. Frank Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe and Peter Lawford were there. From the mean solar day on, he knew that this was the life he wanted. Smudgie started liking him and became like a father figure. This took him in to a life of collecting debts and running numbers for the mob. He had everything he thought he ever wanted. He had money and could do what ever he wanted. He learned quickly the rules and the most important rule of them all never to rat. After a while, the big bosss son wanted to make an example of Smudgie, mostly because he was getting too much power. Therefore, they put a hit out on Smudgie. The hit went bad and Smudgie took out most of t hem but Smudgie, himself was hit. They were still after him and Tony helped the only father he really knew escape. That meant he had to lay low for a while.

Men Will Rise From The Dark Depth Of Prejudice To The Majestic Heights :: essays research papers

men Will Rise From The Dark Depth Of Prejudice To The Majestic Heights OfBrotherhoodMen pull up stakes rise from the dark depths of prejudice... What is prejudice?The Websters dictionary defines it as a biased opinion based on emotion ratherthan reason. This is most certainly the case. by means of out history groups ofpeople of the same race, religion, intensity, and so forth consume had unspeakable actscommitted against them by others who think with their ...emotionss ratherthan reason. Because one is a different color they think that that person isodd, or inferior. Or they enter some one of a different religion as a person whois rejected by God. These are both examples of prejudice.Many people deliver seen the effects of prejudice and sought to put an endto it. one such person was Dr. Martian Luther tycoon. By the time Dr. King becameinvolved in cultivated rights he was already an ordained minister. He had married andhe and his wife had four children. His civil rights act ivities began with the declare of an incident that occurred on a public bus. genus Rosa parks had broken thelaw by not getting out of her set to allow a white person to sit in her seat orrow. An organization was formed to boycott the buses and Dr. Martian Luther kingwas asked to be president of it. In his depression, and in my opinion, most powerfulspeeches Dr. Martian Luther King verbalise First and foremost we are Americancitizens...We are not here advocating violence...the only weapon that wehave...is that of remonstrance...The enormous glory of American democracy is the rightto protest for right. Dr. King and the organization succeeded. The SupremeCourt ordered the city to have equal, integrated seating. This was only thefirst in many battles lead by Dr. Martian Luther King.Dr. Martian Luther King had a ambition. A dream to unite all mankind as one.A dream to see an end to prejudice. A dream to reach the promise land. Althoughmany of his goals as far as discrimination have been met, Dr. Martian LutherKing never got to see this. He was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. In 1983congress passed a national holiday in his honor. It celebrated on the thirdMonday in January. Dr. Martian Luther King Became the second person to have anational Holiday, the first being George Washington, the countries firstPresident. One of his Ideals that has not yet been achieved nor properly communicate is that of brotherhood.The Majestic heights of brotherhood. Anyone who has ever experiencedMen Will Rise From The Dark Depth Of Prejudice To The Majestic Heights essays research papers Men Will Rise From The Dark Depth Of Prejudice To The Majestic Heights OfBrotherhoodMen will rise from the dark depths of prejudice... What is prejudice?The Websters dictionary defines it as a biased opinion based on emotion ratherthan reason. This is most certainly the case. Through out history groups ofpeople of the same race, religion, color, etc. have had unspeakable actscommitted against them by others who think with their ...emotionss ratherthan reason. Because one is a different color they think that that person isodd, or inferior. Or they see some one of a different religion as a person whois rejected by God. These are both examples of prejudice.Many people have seen the effects of prejudice and sought to put an endto it. one such person was Dr. Martian Luther King. By the time Dr. King becameinvolved in civil rights he was already an ordained minister. He had married andhe and his wife had four children. His civil rights activities began with theprotest of an incident that occurred on a public bus. Rosa parks had broken thelaw by not getting out of her seat to allow a white person to sit in her seat orrow. An organization was formed to boycott the buses and Dr. Martian Luther kingwas asked to be president of it. In his first, and in my opinion, most powerfulspeeches Dr. Martian Luther King stated First and foremost we are Americancitizens...We are not here advo cating violence...the only weapon that wehave...is that of protest...The great glory of American democracy is the rightto protest for right. Dr. King and the organization succeeded. The SupremeCourt ordered the city to have equal, integrated seating. This was only thefirst in many battles lead by Dr. Martian Luther King.Dr. Martian Luther King had a dream. A dream to unite all mankind as one.A dream to see an end to prejudice. A dream to reach the promise land. Althoughmany of his goals as far as discrimination have been met, Dr. Martian LutherKing never got to see this. He was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. In 1983congress passed a national holiday in his honor. It celebrated on the thirdMonday in January. Dr. Martian Luther King Became the second person to have anational Holiday, the first being George Washington, the countries firstPresident. One of his Ideals that has not yet been achieved nor properlyaddressed is that of brotherhood.The Majestic heights of brotherhood. Anyon e who has ever experienced

Can Childhood Asthma be Outgrown? :: Health Respiratory Essays

Can Childhood Asthma be Outgrown?Today bronchial asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease, with the number of children with asthma increasing every social class.In 1995, the Environmental Protection Agency reported that 5.5 million children in the United States had asthma. Now an estimated 6.1 million children under 18 in the United States currently suffer from asthma, according to the American Lung Association. However, some asthma sufferers man come on to out-grow their childhood asthma.By the time high school was over I found that I wouldnt need to use my inhaler anymore and I defendnt used my inhaler in closely one-third years, said Jen Nelson, sophomore journalism major at Northeastern University.Today Nelson is asthma-free and in good health.I have been pretty much okay. Last year I got the flu so I had a couple of symptoms, but it wasnt to the point where I needed to use my inhaler, said Nelson.At the fester of 7, Nelson suffered a really bad asthma attack and was diagnosed with one type of asthma, bronchial asthma.I developed it asthma because I had so many cases of bronchitis, said Nelson. afterward having asthma for about 10 years, Nelson was told by her doctor that her asthma wasnt severe anymore and that they no longer considered her to be asthmatic.Then there be the asthma patients who still have occasional problems with asthma accompanied with allergies that developed during their childhood.I was diagnosed with asthma at a very early age. I have had it ever since I was very little. It has come and gone (and come again) over the years, said Joanna Old, senior journalism major at Northeastern University.Through the age of 10, Old suffered from severe asthma.I was hospitalized when I was around 4 or 5 for asthmaUsually when you have an asthma attack, your lungs get tight and you hear wheezing. Well, during this bad-tempered attack, the nurse didnt even know what was wrong-it turns out my lungs were closed so tightly, there was no w heezing-no breathing at all. I stayed in the hospital for about 3 or 4 days hooked to an IV with an oxygen tent, said Old.During this time, Old was also on steroids and used an inhaler regularly to practice her asthma.I was actually very sickly looking because of the drugs. I remember my hair being very thin and wispyand I never valued to brush it, said Old.As Old grew up, her asthma seemed to become less severe.

Can Childhood Asthma be Outgrown? :: Health Respiratory Essays

Can Childhood Asthma be Outgrown?Today asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease, with the military issue of children with asthma increasing every year.In 1995, the Environmental Protection Agency reported that 5.5 million children in the United States had asthma. Now an estimated 6.1 million children under 18 in the United States currently suffer from asthma, according to the American Lung Association. However, some asthma sufferers manage to out-grow their childhood asthma.By the time high school was all over I found that I wouldnt need to use my inhaler anymore and I havent used my inhaler in some three years, tell Jen Nelson, sophomore journalism major at Northeastern University.Today Nelson is asthma-free and in good health.I have been pretty much okay. get year I got the flu so I had a couple of symptoms, but it wasnt to the point where I needed to use my inhaler, said Nelson.At the age of 7, Nelson suffered a really bad asthma attack and was diagnosed with one t ype of asthma, bronchial asthma.I developed it asthma because I had so many cases of bronchitis, said Nelson.After having asthma for about 10 years, Nelson was told by her doctor that her asthma wasnt severe anymore and that they no longer considered her to be asthmatic.Then there are the asthma patients who still have occasional problems with asthma accompanied with allergies that developed during their childhood.I was diagnosed with asthma at a very early age. I have had it ever since I was very little. It has come and gone (and come again) over the years, said Joanna Old, senior journalism major at Northeastern University. done the age of 10, Old suffered from severe asthma.I was infirmaryized when I was around 4 or 5 for asthmaUsually when you have an asthma attack, your lungs get tight and you attempt wheezing. Well, during this particular attack, the nurse didnt even know what was wrong-it turns out my lungs were closed so tightly, there was no wheezing-no breathing at all. I stayed in the hospital for about 3 or 4 days hooked to an IV with an oxygen tent, said Old.During this time, Old was also on steroids and used an inhaler regularly to manage her asthma.I was actually very sickly looking because of the drugs. I remember my hair being very thin and wispyand I never wanted to brush it, said Old.As Old grew up, her asthma seemed to become less severe.

Physical books Essay

The answer to this question is a simple yes. We shall prove in our discussion why we have chosen this answer. With advances in technology the word melodic theme no longer implies a material do of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood. As we make further advances, we see that the definition of composition has changed. Physical books that were made of paper have morphed into digital copies called e-books that are available over various mediums of communication such as the Internet or even our very agile phones.We know that everything has a certain shelf life and if continue to use it beyond that period we allow cause ourselves harm, this is also true for physical paper books, time has come to move over the paper books and to enter the world of e-books. Two of the most important factors supporting the cause of the e-book are that it saves 1. Time and 2. notes 1. Time In this rapid moving world we are all constantly on the move and we require instruction immediately, with e-boo ks we faecal field find the information we want immediately.Money We all want to save money e-books will be available at only a fraction of the price of the paper books since it will be cheap for the publishers to produce and this benefit will in turn be passed on to the consumer. Reasons for decline of paper books and the popularity of e-books are obvious 1. E-books crowd out be receive almost instantaneously One can browse through the thousands of e-books available on the Internet by just typing the keywords and leverage the e-book we want by using our credit cards and download the e-book immediately, thus we are saving a lot of overhead be.2. E-books cheaper for the publisher to publish as various overhead costs are minimized Various overheads costs such as huge and expensive printing machinery and their maintenance will fly also there will not be need of a large work force to manufacture e-books. 3. E-books cheaper for the consumer to purchase than physical paper books Sin ce the manufacturing costs of the publishers will be minimized, this will be passed down to the consumer. Thus the consumer will enjoy great savings.4. E-books can reach a much larger reference worldwide E-books can be launched instantaneously through out the world there will be no waiting to buy our copy of the e-book. in like manner many times a physical paper book is not available in all parts of the world, but this will not be a problem with e-books. 5. E-books are environment friendly Unlike physical books made from paper, which is derived from timber, e-books dont need the resources of nature to be made.Thus we will be saving thousands of trees every year and thus reducing the greenhouse effect and making the earth a green place to live in. 6. We can have thousands e-books in our digital device We can literally have thousands of e-books in our digital device such as a laptop or a computer. The number of e-books is only limited by the storage capacity of our computer or lapto p. This is impossible with physical paper books. Can you imagine a person moving around with a library of paper books? But we can move around with our library of e-books on our laptop anywhere death We as humans should be ready to accept the change of books from the physical to the virtual. Are we truly ready to leave the paper copies of the great novels and instead view them as e-books? Some have even said that if we do this well be disrespecting the great authors and poets, but as we wait, the world around us rapidly changing. In the end we may have no choice but to accept the e-book as it gains popularity and following every passing day. This its only a matter of time before the paper books are replaced by e-books.Thus we have observed and noted from the above examples that the books made of paper are on their appearance out and the time of the e-book has arrived. (Sam Kleinman 2007)Works Cited1. ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, paginate 1last upd ated 2007 Online Available from 2. ZATZ Publishing (2007) ZATZ Publishing (2007) Print books vs. e-books by Sam Kleinman, page 2 last updated 2007 Online Available from

Pasta Hut and Pizza Hut: product life cycle Essay

On April 2008, Pizza Hut announced the origin of a sassy product line c wholeed the Tus sighti alimentary paste. Like any product, this product has a life cycle. Different strategies should be maintained through each stage of the cycle in order to convey the product throughout the cycle.1.Introduction StageThe main purpose of this stage is to introduce the new product to the market. The caller must(prenominal) be aw ar of the tremendous meat of time and money which will be spent at this stage in order to attract consumers, grab their attention to this new product, and make them sift it.In this stage, there are several strategies for the company to followThe company must well advertise their new product and obtain a brandmark for it so customers will be aware about this product. Pizza Hut had spread many of announcements about their new product alimentary paste Hut. They alerted the customers by several waysPizza Huts web site was redesigned and many attractive pictures of the new alimentary paste were added in their homepage. They also created a new URL to market the Tus tini pasta. In addition, they gave out coupons and they advertized the new product everywhere in the newspaper, magazines, and TV.At this stage, sale growth might be slow. So, it is recommended to keep the expense relatively risque in order to overcome the high hails associated with introducing the new product. Therefore, the revenue may be low, too.At the beginning, the distribution must be limited until people become more familiar with the product. pasta Hut has followed this pattern by introducing this new product in main cities that are cognize with their multi-cultural population.A company should also start first with one or few products in order to test the customers reaction. As in Pasta Hut, they produced only two types creamy Chicken Alfredo and Meaty Marinara.2.Growth StageIn the growth stage, the highest rate of sales for the company is maintained. The raise in the iss ue forth of customers who are aware of theproduct will lead to rapid growth in revenue. During this stage, competitors have just started to arise and they are still in the introduction stage.This stage is the best time of every new product where the costs are less and the revenue is high and strategies can includeIncrease the gist of advertisements to build brand preferences and to attract new target market. For instance, Past Hut made more ads and added new slogans to the ads to attract more customers. They gave it an Italian name (Tuscani Pastas) to pass along it a classy Italian atmosphere and to attract different ethnic groups. They also put some ads, which shows the pastas as a luxuries meal and not a fast food.Price can be maintained at the same level if the company noticed the charter is increasing. In some situations, the company can reduce the price as a strategy to attract new customers who cares about the price. In the incase of Tuscani Pasta, a reduction in the pric e can be a clever idea to attract students and labors.It is the best time to expand the distribution of the product to draw as many customers as the company can before competitors can reach them. Pasta Hut started at this stage to sell their pastas in almost all Pizza Huts stores in all most all the cities.This stage is the perfect time to adjust the product and to add some additional features on it. Different packaging options, and different portions are now available in the pastas of the Pasta Hut.3.Maturity StageThis is the longest and the most challenging stage where a company wants to maintain its success, increase the market share, and discommode the products life cycle with the existence of high and tough Competitors who offer similar products with competing futures and prices.In order to uphold this success for the longest periodThe company must put more effort on advertising to establish loyal customers. These ads must let the product seem more unique and improved. For exa mple Pasta Huts new logomay contain the words bigger, better, or more flavor. They also can offer promotions on their Pastas.Price should be lowered because the tilt is higher and it is a great way to attract the consumer.New distribution channels must be added and different incentives can be introduced. In this case Pasta Hut can give offers to students or other target customers so they keep their loyalty.A good step is to bring in a new line in the product, apply some modifications, or add some other features to the product be able to differentiate it from other competitors products. In this case, Pizza Hut can introduce additional types of pastas with different flavors and additional contents.4.Decline StageDuring the decline stage, or sometimes referred to the aging stage, the cosmos taste will change, new technologies will enter the market, and the market will be full of competitors and many other similar products. In this case, the competition is high and demand on the produ ct probably will be low. Therefore, cost for producing this product might increase and revenues will decrease.The only factor that makes the product keep its production is the loyal customers. For that reasonMarketers should study their product lines to know which is the most popular one and decide whether to keep producing it or no. For instance Pasta Hut can only keep the two most popular pastas in their lines.Distribution must be more selective in places where the demand on the product is high. For example, Pasta Hut can sell its product only in universities food court if they found high demand of this pasta in universities food court.This is the last stage in the product life cycle. After that, if the companynoticed that this product is not beneficial anymore (the cost is increasing and revenues are not covering this cost), they should stop producing this product and think of another product line.1 QuickMBA, The Product Life Cycle, 2 MSNmoney, Pasta Hut Millions and Millions So ld, 3 Pizzahut, 4 USAtoday, Pizza Hut preparing pans of pasta for delivery, 5 PRweek, Pizza Hut scores big with Tuscani Pastas,

History 1302 Note

* In the retwist congress required the setting up of fresh re touristed government for a second time. * The 14th am exterminatement stipulated that no extr mold shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of laws or deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal resistance of the laws * butt on 4th 1689 Former Union General Ulysses S.Grant, a republican, took office as the 18th electric ch bloodline of the US, having campaigned on the slogan let us scram peace * Alaska had been purchased recently in 1867, for Tsar alexander II of Russia for $7. 2 million * The purchased of Alaska had been criticized as Se state of wards Folly in ridicule of repository of press out William Henry Seward because of a universal view that Alaska was a cold land of little economic value except for fur and fishing. * January, 1870 jakes D.Rockefeller incorporated the trite Oil Company in Cleveland, Ohio * Within 5 years standard oil company controlled coal o il refineries in New york, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, and talking over kerosene marketing terminal and distributors * September 4th, 1872 New York citys Sun unsandedspaper exposed the Credit Mobilier scandal * Massachusetts congressman Oakes Ames, together with music director of the joint pacific railroad, had formed a construction company which veritable erect government contracts * Further much, congressman Ames had distributed shares of the company to other congressman, to official in the cabinet, and to immorality president Schuyler Colfax * Till 1920 the majority of the US population was engaged in agriculture * Farmers and egalitarian candidates for office favored the coinage of silver, because some thought banks and financiers in the northwest manipulated the price of gold * March 4th 1874 chairwoman Grant began his second term March 11th, 1874 The Wisconsin legislature passed the potter law, which imposed state dominion of railroad freight rates * It was call a Gra nger law, because a farmers association growing in importance, the National Grange of the patrons of husbandry, called the Grange for short, had been push for government regulation of rail road freight rates * In 1874 what has been called home-rule, the solid south, and the new south was happening instead of boycotting the reconstructed state government, whites began voting in large numbers again, turning out carpet baggers, scalawags, and radical republicans and replacing them with Democrats * The discovery of gold and silver had been a major doer in drawing people from the east half of the U. S to California in 1849,, to Colorado and Nevada in 1859, and to south Dakota in 1875 * On the seventh ballot, it nominative Ohio regulator Ruther Ford B. Hayes for president * June 26th 1876 in the battle of little bighorn, 265 cavalry under the command of Lt. Colonel George A. Custer were killed while pursuing the Sioux in element 109 territory * January 16th, 1883 Congress passed a civi l service act introduced by senator George H.Pendleton of Ohio, the Pendleton civil service reform act, which set up a three constituent commission to oversee entrance exams for 14000 federal official jobs, to which presidents could add in the future. * February, 1883 The senate ratified a treaty of friend channelize and commerce between the US and Korea * March 3,1886 Grover Cleveland a democrat took office as president * February 4, 1887 Congress passed the interstate commerce act, which prohibited railroads from discriminating among shippers, prohibited railroads from fixing prices, prohibited railroads from forming pools to divvy traffic among themselves and authorize the organization of a presidentially appointed five members interstate commerce commission to regulate rates. On April 22 1889 President Harrison officially opened part of Indian territory to settlement * July 2, 1890 Congress passed the Sherman antitrust act * The Sherman antitrust act outlawed Rockefeller-like trust, in which shares of stock were exchanged for certificates, and it outlawed other combinations and conspiracies which restrained interstate commerce and immaterial trade * On May 19,1891, members of the farmer alliances and labor unions meeting in a convention in Cincinnati , Ohio, formed a new peoples or populist party * July 2, 1982 The newly organized populist party in Omaha, Nebraska, and nominated a recently defeated posting party Iowa congressman, James B. Weaver, for president * The programme of the Populist party called for government ownership of railroads, grain storage facilities, telegraph lines, and telephone line. * It called for the coinage of silver * It called for a graduated income tax * It called for popular election of US senators * It called for the secret ballot try on 2 none * February 18th 1898 a US battleship Maine set off in Havana Harbor, Cuba * Afterward remember the Maine became a slogan of some American who blames Spain for the explosion and treasured go to war * April 25th congress carry war on Spain * On July 1 2, 1898, US infantry under gen. Hamilton S.Hawkins took San Joan Hill to the east of Santiago * Nearby, Colonel ( and recent assistant secretary of the navy ) Theodore Roosevelt, on horse-back, charge up Kettle Hill, followed by the 9th and 10th African American regiment, on foot * February 6th,1899 the US senate ratified the formal treaty ending the Spanish American war, the treaty of Paris is which Puerto Rico became US possession, the US p sanction Spain 20 billion for the Philippines and the independence of Cuba was recognized * September 6th,1899, secretary of state John Hay proposed to Britain, Germany, and Russia an open door policy for China Chinese ports be opened to the trade of all nations * During the 1900 election campaign, both the democratic presidential candidates William Jennings Bryan, and the republican vice-president candidate Theodore Roosevelt, fervencyed trust monopoly * celestial l atitude 2nd, 1901 President Roosevelt asserted in his first annual message to congress, the government should have the right to inspect and examine the kit and boodle of the great corporations engaged in interstate business. * June 17th,1902 congress passed the Newlands reclamation act, authorizing the president to set aside more land for national parks * In august, 1902, president Roosevelt travelled through New England and the Midwest speaking out against abuses of trust, meaning, in the use if the time, monopolies. * President Roosevelt conspired with the former chief engineer of the French construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, in organizing a revolution against Columbia * On November 3rd,1903, a revolt against Columbia broke out in panama city with arm distributed by the city fire plane section * Marines from three US hips prevented Colombian troops from reaching Panama city * November 6th,1903 secretary of the state john hay recognized the newly established country of Panama * March 14th,1904 the supreme court decided against the northern securities company in the Sherman antitrust case that the Roosevelt administration had brought against the company in 1902 and ordered the dissolution of the company * November 8th, 1904 president Roosevelt won the presidential election, to whom, some historians have asserted, a large percentage of growing urban white-collar vote went. * December 6th, 1904 in his annual message to congress, Roosevelt introduced the Roosevelt the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine the US may act as an external police power in the western hemisphere when chronic wrong doing arises. June 4th, 1906 president Roosevelt released the Reynolds and nulls report, which confirmed unhealthy conditions in meatpacking * June 30th,1906 congress passed the pure aliment and drug act, which was aimed at mislabeling and adulteration of food, and, on, the same daylight, congress also passed the meat inspe ction act * During 1907 president Roosevelt set aside five national parks, half a dozenteen national monuments, and fifty one wildlife sanctuaries * June 8th, 1908 aft(prenominal) the national conservation congress, president Roosevelt appointed a national conservation commission to inventory the countrys natural resources * August, 1910 during a 16 state tour former president Theodore Roosevelt proposed regulation of corporate involvement in politics, a graduated income tax, inheritance taxes, federal labor regulations, conservation, and a tariff commissionall of which were called new nationalism or square deal * June 22nd, 1912 when the republican national convention was adjourning in Chicago, republicans who wanted to run Theodore Roosevelt again for president, instead of Taft, met at some other location in Chicago and formed the progressive party, which was also called the Bull Moose Party * December 23rd, 1913 president Wilson gestural the Glass-Owens Federal reserve sham, which would go into effect in November, 1914, setting up the federal reserve system of twelve regional bankers banks affiliated to national banks and optionally to state banks * A presidentially appointed board of governors set interest discount rates on loans to member banks * April 6th, 1917 congress declared war on Germany * January 1st, 1920 the Red Scared began with US attorney general A.Mitchell palmers deportation of 500 resident Russians and arrest of more than 6000 other people, most of whom were released subsequently * On June 8-12, 1920, the republican national convention met in Chicago and nominated a tobacco chewing, poker playing, whiskey drinking senator of Ohio, Warren G. Harding, for president and governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts for Vice-president * Harding was remembered particularly for the quest line make in a speech a month before the republican convention Americas demand is not heroics, but healing, not nostrums, but normalcy * November 2nd,1920 republican senator warren G. Harding of Ohio won the presidential election with 16152000 popular votes and 404 electoral votes over 9147353 popular votes and 127 electoral votes for democrat James M. Cox * March 4th,1921 Warren G. Harding, republican, took office as president * March 4th, 1923 secretary of interior Albert B.Fall resigned during a senate investigation into the lease of naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, without competitive put upding * In addition to the Teapot Dome Scandal, the administration had been shaken by ii suicides in March, 1923, and a Senate investigation and resignation of the director of veterans bureau, Charles R. Forbes, for mismanagement * August 2nd, 1923 president Harding died from an embolism in San Francisco during a gaucherie to the westward Coast and Alaska * October 24th, dour Thursday, and again on October 9th, black Tuesday, 1929, the stock market crashed, beginning the Great Depression * June 27th Ju ly 2nd, 1932 The democratic national convention also met in Chicago and nominate the governor of New york, Franklin D.Roosevelt, for president * Roosevelt campaigned for a New Deal and acc utilize republicans of catering to special interest and big pass * On March 31th, 1933 Congress created the civilian conservation corps to employ young men in national forest reclamation project * April 19th, 1933 president Roosevelt, support by act of congress, took the U. S off the gold standard purposely to devaluate the dollar and force the circulation of more money * June 16th, 1933 On the last of day of the Hundred Days, Congress passed the national recovery personation which created the national recovery administration, NRA, to draw up industrial codes, which included minimum wages, maximum hours, and collective bargaining, and created the public works administration, PWA, nder the secretary of the interior to fund public construction project * November 8th, 1933 the civil works administ ration was created by executive order to employ millions directly, bypassing the need of the state governments to match federal grants offered under federal emergency recovery administration * April 8, 1935 congress passed the emergency relief appropriation act, which authorized the president to disburse 5 billion by executive order for work relief and to increase appointment by providing useful project * May 6th, 1935 In chase of the act, the Works Progress administration, WPA, was set up * From 1933 to 1939 the US national debt had increased to $10,439,000,000 * On December 7th, 1941, Japanese armed forces do a surprise attack on the US pacific base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, as part of its strategy to take the Dutch East Indies, where there was oil Test 3 December 11th, 1941 Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, allies of Japan, declared war on the US * November 7th, 1942 In operation Torch, US forces under general Dwight D. Eisenhower began set down in Morocco and Al geria * The US forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower pushed the German and Italian armies toward Tunisia, while the British pushed them from Egypt. * June 6th,1944 D-Day a twelve nation allied expeditionary force (AEF) of 175000 soldiers, 5000 ships, and 6000 airplanes, invaded Normandy, France, from Britain * The attack was called operation overlord * US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was top commander of the operation * September 12th,1944 US forces began entering Germany August 6th,1945 An US B-29, the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbett trim down an atomic bomb, little boy, on a site of Japans defend industry, Hiroshima * August 9th, 1945 A US B-29, the Bockscar,, piloted by major Charles Sweeny dropped another atomic bomb on a second Japanese defend industry site, Nagasaki * March 5th, 1946 Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced that an weigh curtain has descended across Europe in a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri * June 23th, 1 947 Congress, in which Republicans outnumbered democrats, passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Trumans veto * The Taft-Hartley Act authorized courts to issue cease and desist orders imposing a from-sixty-to-eighty-day cooling off period on any strike jeopardizing public health or safety * The Taft Hartley act also made it illegal to use union dues to aid political parties * The Taft Hartley Act made the closed shop, hiring union members only, illegal, but it did not illegalize the union shop, requiring union membership after hire * US secretary of State George C. marshall indicated that the US would contribute to an European recovery plan that funneled US aid through an organization representing the participating countries, which became known as the Marshall Plan * December 19th, 1947, President Truman presented to Congress the European recovery plan that had been negotiated at Paris, the Marshall Plan, amending, though, the $28 billion originally negotiated to $17 billion * April 3rd, 1948, Congress passed the Foreign Assistance act, which appropriated $4 billion for the Marshall plan * June 28, 1948 The Foreign Aid appropriations Act directed $6 billion to the Marshall Plan and other foreign aid * July 12-15, 1948 The democratic national convention met in Philadelphia and nominated Truman for president * The democratic national convention adopted a civil right plank * July 17, 1948 southmostern Democrats, Dixiecrats met in Birmingham, aluminium, formed the States Rights party, nominated Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina for President, and adopted a segregationist plank * July 6, 1948 President Truman ended racial segregation in the US military by executive order and called for an end to racial variety in federal jobs * April 4th,1949 Representatives of the US, Canada, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, France, Italy, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland signed the north Atlantic security treaty in Washington DC, setting up an anti-communist, west Europ ean-North American, defensive alliance, the North Atlantic treaty Organization, NATO * February 7th, 1950 Republican Senator Joe McCarthy of Wisconsin said that there were Communists in the State Department when he gave a speech to a womens club in Wheeling, West Virginia * 13 days later Senator McCarthy said that he had a list of Communist suspects * July 8th,1950 US general Douglas MacArthur was named Supreme Commander of the UN forces in South Korea, which were made up of mostly US personnel * July 20th, 1950 The Senate Foreign relations committee reported that Senator Joseph McCarthys allegations about Communist in the State Department ( made five months before) were unsubstantiated * July 7-11, 1952 The Republican National convention met in Chicago, and nominated General Dwight David Eisenhower for president and senator Richard M. Nixon of California for vice-president * The Republican national conventions platform supported a balanced budget, reduction of the national debt, a nd the Taft-Hartley Act * January 20, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower, a republican, was inaugurated president of the United state * July 27, 1954 At Panmunjon, South Korea, near the North Korean border, U.N and North Korean officials signed an armistice and conditions for prisoner exchange * January 12, 1954 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced a policy of massive retaliation, which he described as keeping a large strategic reserve in the US to counter any communist menace to take over the Free World * April 7, 1954 President Eisenhower told the press that he favored continuing US aid to the French in Indochina to prevent selenium Asia becoming a falling row of dominoes to Communism * April 22 to June 17, 1954 A senate subcommittee investigated senator Joseph McCarthy after he had charged that there were Communists in the army, closureing in Senate rebuke of McCarthy on December 2, 1954 * On December 1, 1955 Mrs. Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the front white secti on of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama * A boycott of the bus system led by a local Baptist minister named Martin Luther King Jr. ollowed * From 1956 to 1959 the US slid into a recession, with declines in sales, productivity, and employment * In response, the Federal Reserve System lowered its discount rate, and Congress funded construction, especially highway construction, which had been proposed by the Eisenhower Administration * September 4-20, 1957 Governor Orville Faubus of Arkansas used the National Guard to block the entry of African America students into Little Rock Central High School till a federal injunction forced the removal of the Guard * September 23, 1957, rioting broke out a Little Rock Central High School * September 25, 1957 President Eisenhower sent the US army in to protect the nine African American students attending Little Rock high School * September 2, 1958 In the aftermath of Sputnik, President Eisenhower signed the National Defense education act, setting aside $800 million over quaternion years for the teaching of science and foreign languages in school and colleges and for loans to college students * At the convention Senator Kennedy pushed for medical care for all aged Americans, and, in his acceptance speech, he called for sacrifices on a road to a New Frontier * January 17, 1961 In a live Farewell hook on TV, president Eisenhower warned about the increasing power of a military industrial complex * January 20, 1961 John F.Kennedy, Democrat was inaugurated President of the US * March 1, 1961 By executive order President Kennedy created the Peace Corps, which funded Americans with particular academic knowledge or technical skills in developing countries where the knowledge or skills were needed * March 13, 1961 President Kennedy called for an Alliance for Progress in which US aid would raise health, education, and victuals standards in central and south America at the grassroots level * During April 17-20, 1961, about 1 three hundred Cuban refugees landed at the Bay of Pigs, Cuba, to enter Cuba to set up a base of operations to overthrow Fidel Castro, but failed * The Cuban refugees had received military training under the auspices of the CIA since the Eisenhower Administration, they had been transported to the Bay of Pigs on US ships, and they had received US air cover * May 25, 1961 In a speech before Congress six weeks after the Soviets had placed a man in orbit, President Kennedy proposed send a man to the moon by the end of the century * July 17, 1962 A proposal for Medicare, which president Kennedy supported, was defeated in the senate * October 22-28, 1962 Seven day long Cuban Missile Crisis occurred. President Kennedy demanded the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba and ordered the navy to interdict any shipment of Soviet missiles to Cuba * As soviet ship approached Cuba, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev backed off at the last moment in exchange for assurances that the US would not attack Cuba and would remove its missiles from Turkey if the Soviets remote their missiles from Cuba * November 22,1963 President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas * January 8, 1964 President Johnson proposed reducing federal spending and proposed a war on poverty in the State of the Union Address * President Johnson increased the number of US military advisor in South Vietnam from 16000 to 21000 * July 2, 1964 a civil rights act outlawed racial discrimination in (1) facilities open to the public, (2) unions, and (3) federal employment, and it authorized the US attorney general to sue on the behalf of victims of discrimination * January 4,1965 In the state of the Union address, president Johnson recommended government spending in the areas of education, health care, the arts, urban renewal, reduction of pollution, and elimination of poverty for what he called the Great Society * February 7, 1965 president ordered bombing inside north Vietnam after a Viet Cong attack on a base at Pleiku, which w as about 200 miles south of North Vietnam * The bombing would continue for three years, till March 31, 1968 * March 15, 1965 President Johnson sent a proposal for a voting rights bill to congress Test 4 July 28, 1965 President Johnson announced that he was sending 50000 more military personnel to South Vietnam, bringing the total to 125000 * July 30, 1965 President Johnson signed the Medicare Act in Independence, Missouri, in the presence of former President chivvy Truman, who had pushed for national health care * August 6, 1965 President Johnson sign voting rights act, which authorized the suspension of literacy tests and the placement of federal registrars at locations where less than 50% of entitled voters had registered * November 3, 1966 President Johnson signed the Clean water restoration act, which was directed toward lakes and rivers * President Johnson signed the Air Quality Act, which appropriated $428,300,000 over three year to decrease air pollution * March 31, 1968 Pr esident Johnson bustped an any bombing above the 21st parallel in North Vietnam, which included Hanoi, and announced that he would not run for re-election * April 11, 1968 president Johnson signed a civil rights act supporting open housing * October 31,1968 president Johnson announced that all bombing of North Vietnam would stop the next day, November 1, 1968 * June 8,1969 president Nixon began the withdrawal of 250000 US military personnel from South Vietnam, explaining it as a turn-over of the war to the South Vietnamese, which the press called Vietnamization * September 16,1969 President Nixon progress implemented Vietnamization by the withdrawal of 35000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April November the US and Soviet Union negotiated a Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty in the Strategic Arms Limitation talks, SALT * April 20, 1970 president Nixon continued Vietnamization by withdrawal of 150000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April 30 June 9, 1 970 US principle forces crossed into Cambodia from south VN to destroy enemy supply bases after having conducted 3500 secret bombing attacks inside Cambodia since 1969 * November 12, 1971 President Nixon continued Vietnamization by withdrawing 45000 more US military personnel from south Vietnam * November, 1971 January, 1973 President Nixon imposed guidelines for wages and for prices, which he had been authorized to do by an act, the Economic Stabilization Act, recently passed by Congress * January 13, 1972 President Nixon continued Vietnamization policy by withdrawing 70000 more US military personnel from south VN * In February, 1972, President Nixon visited Communist China * The trip resulted in a joint communique announcing that steps would be make do normalize relations between the US and Communist China, which would be six years away , and announcing US recognition of Taiwan as part of China * May 26, 1972 President Nixon and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev agreed in capital of the Russian Federation to work for peaceful coexistence and signed, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT, which was ratified by the US senate in August * June 17, 1972 five men employed by the deputation to re-elect the President broke into the offices of the Democratic national committee at the Watergate hotel in Washington, DC. August 12, 1972 President Nixon brought his Vietnamization policy to a conclusion by withdrawing US ground combat forces remaining in South VN * In October, 1972, the house of Judiciary committee began nearly 2 years of impeachment proceedings against president Nixon * The impeachment proceedings were the result of senate and special prosecutor investigations into the Watergate break-in in June, 1972, which contradicted a denial by president Nixon that he had anything to do with an attempted cover up of the break-in * January 27,1973 US, South VN, Viet Cong, and North Vietnamese representatives signed a cease-fire agreement in Paris, France * Jun e 13, 1973 President Nixon re-imposed guidelines on retail prices because of inflation * August 9, 1974 Facing the possibility of impeachment as a result of the Congressional investigations into Watergate, President Nixon resigned * July 15,1976 The democratic national convention met in New york city and nominated a Washington outsider, former engineer, naval, officer, farmer, and governor of Georgia, James E. Carter, for president * February 24, 1977 President Carter announced curtailment of foreign aid to governments violating human rights * August 4,1977 the department of energy was created On September 7, 1977, president Carter signed a treaty to turn the panama canal zone over to panama in October, 1979, and to turn the canal itself to panama in 1999, and the US senate would signal treaty in march 1978 * September, 1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, President Carter, and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat met at Camp David, Maryland, to negotiate a way to end the state of war that had continued between Egypt and Israel since Israels beginning in 1948 * On February April, 1979, President Carter placed priced controls on oil in the US following a US embargo on Iranian oil and a 50% OPEC price hike * The embargo on oil from Iran had been imposed after Shah Pahlavi was overthrown in January by Shia Muslims under the leadership of an imam named Rubollah Khomeini * September 27, 1979 Congress approved President Carters request for the creation of a separate department of education * November 4,1979 students took 66 US citizens in the US embassy in Tehran, Iran, hostage, in protest of the USs allowing Shah Pahlavi to come to the US for medical treatment * April 25, 1980, US military landed overnight near Tehran, Iran to rescue the US hostages but mishaps with the aircraft scuttled the operation * July 16, 1980 The Republican National convention met in Detroit, Michigan, and nominated former announcer and factor Ronald Reagan for president * Ronald Reagan ran on a platform calling for cuts in government spending, for strengthening national defense, and for holding the line on taxes * November 4, 1980 Ronald Reagan defeated Carters bid for re-election with an electoral vote of 489 to 49 and a popular vote of 43,899,248 to 36,481,435 * President Reagans policy of reducing taxes for business and people with high incomes in prospect that economic growth would more than make up the difference was called supply-side economics, trickle-down economics, and Reaganomics * July 16-19, 1984 The democratic national convention met in san Francisco, California, and nominated former Vice-president Walter Mondale for president and New York congressman Geraldine Ferraro for Vice-President, the first woman to be nominated for the vice-presidency * Between November 3-6, 1986 the New York times and Washington post ran reports that representatives of Ronald Reagan, before he took office, had covertly agreed to the shipment of skin parts and ammunition from the US to Iran in exchange for the release of the hostages on January 20,1981, the day Reagan would take office * November 25, 1986, reports circulated that money received from the sale of arms to Iran had been funneled to the contras in Nicaragua during the period congress had only approved humanitarian aid * July 7-24, 1987 Congressional hearings were held on the reported exchange of arms for the hostages in Iran and diversion of profits to the Contras in Nicaragua, what became known as the Iran-Contra Affair * Secretary of State George Shultz and other administration officials were reluctant to identify the higher-up who had oversight of the exchange and diversion * On June 3,1989, from 300 to 400 pro-democracy demonstrators were at Tiananmen Square in Beijing as the Communist leaders of the peoples republic of China began a Military crackdown in which thousands may have perished * In June 26 1990, in what appeared to many contradict a statement at the 1988 Republican natio nal convention, read my lips.No new taxes, President scouring say that tax revenue increases would be needed to reduce the deficit. * On August 2,1990 President Bush denounced an invasion and annexation of capital of Kuwait by Iraq as naked aggression and warned the military dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, that the aggression will not stand * September 11, 1990 President Bush stated to joint session of Congress that administrations policy to oppose control of southwest Asian oil resources by Saddam Hussein, whom he viewed as a brutal, unpredictable dictator. * On January 12, 1991. Congress authorized President Bush to use ground to liberate Kuwait * On January 17,1991, after the expiration of an U.N deadline for Iraqi forces to evacuate Kuwait, US and a coalition of air forces began six weeks of attacks, called Operation desert Storm, targeting communications, nuclear and chemical weapons facilities, artillery, tanks, and troop positions in Iraq * August 15, 1991 four year after the beginning of the congressional hearings into the Iran-contra Affair, President Bush signed a bill requiring Presidents to report all covert action to congress and to authorized all covert actions in advance with a written presidential finding * February 21,1992 a little over two year after Tiananmen Square, the Bush administration lifted US trade sanctions against the Peoples Republic of China * May 19, 1992 the 27th amendment was ratified, preventing a Congress form making fee increases for its members before the next Congressional election. July 16, 1992 the democratic national convention met in New York City nominated Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas for president * Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas campaigned as a new democrat and criticized supply-side economics, saying it had produced the highest federal deficit ever. * Governor Clinton placed emphasis on the global providence and promotion of democracy abroad, and he supported air strikes in Bosnia and human rights in China * November 3, 1992 Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton won the election, receiving 44909889 popular votes, which gave him an electoral vote of 370, to president Bushs 36481435 popular votes and 168 electoral votes and Ross Perots 5719437 popular votes.

Public communication Ethics Case studies Essay

The International Smart Tan is a global synergetic consortium that has been committed to promoting as well as re trying on responsible scrape up c are for great deal who develop sunburns and tans. It teaches on methods of minimizing the risks that are associated with too little or too much sunlight ( debacle, 2008). Ultra Violet Radiation has been astray recognized as being carcinogenic thus causing various types of unclothe senscer. Exposure during the early years during adolescence and childhood are crucial as far as risks of skin cancers are concerned.Traditionally the major source of UVR exposures in the tanning purposes have been rays from the sun though tanning equipments have instanter represented amplified importance to sources of exposure mostly to the young adults and adolescents. This exposure amplifies the risks of melanoma. Most of the suns scare activists profit through marketing the distorted sun abstinence contentedness to the public. Therefore grassroots heal th is the main organization that is fully committed in offering education on Vitamin D through launching a global public health campaign in redact to solve the epidemic of Vitamin D deficiency.Therefore it is imperative to discuss how potters put is applicable in this case study, the ethical theories behind it and how I would communicate my position as far as the case study is concerned. Constant changes in the public health and the society have forced most health professionals to engage into some new roles and develop new competencies. Public health practiti wizardrs ought to be trained in order to respond to such challenges. Porters model of pure competition implies on the circumstance that the risks rates ought to be continual across industries and firms (Strategic management, 2010).His framework model assumes that industries are usually influenced by some forces. These forces are rivalry, threat of substitutes, buyer power, supplier power and threat of entry. Smart trouncin g in order to pursue some advantage over its rivals had to improve on their colloquy strategies. They emphasized on the importance of vitamin D and its sufficient risks. They overly exploited relationships with the other counterparts like the public health practitioners. As far as the buyer power is concerned, the relationship that the public have with Smart Tanning is amplifying and almost to monopsony level.Also thither is a concept of supplier power as Smart tanning has some relationships with the hospitals thus suppliers are concentrated. They also governance barriers because of government regulations that prompt them to offer the right information in order to uplift right health communication on causes of skin cancers and how effectively it can be solved. Strategy in Smart Tanning can be formulated on business, functional and corporate level. The business level is the major consideration as far as industry rivalry is concerned thus focus, differentiation and cost leadership ought to be implemented in order to take a shit a competitive advantage.The generic strategies will help Smart Tanning to leverage its main strengths and defend on the serious cause of the forces. Some of the ethical theories that can be applied are the moral theory, utilitarian, sexual morality theories and others. Smart tanning has applied the utilitarian theory as it has focused on making everybody concerned and mostly the consumers happy. It has demonstrated that they have high standards when it comes to consumer education, employee training as well as the public welfare against fighting skin cancer.The moral and integrity theory has been used on the grounds that the tanning association has come with moral strategies to make sure that the public is not affected but quite a are being helped. It has amplified the comprehension of professional tanning that moderates ultra-violet exposures from outdoor and indoor tanning that does recognize the manageable risks as well as bene fits that are associated with the ultraviolet light exposures of the light. The other is rational theory as tanning industry is quite effective on teaching active the prevention of sunburn than those who are by and by promoting sun avoidance.My personal take on this case study is that tanning industry is imperative as it will help in reducing skin cancers. However, there is loss of perspective that there are other psychological and physiological benefits that are also associated with sunlight that needs more research and the fact that most risks bare manageable for all people who have got the aptitude of developing a tan and for most people benefits of sun exposure do outweigh most risks that are associated with being overexposed. Also to a full-grown extent it is crucial as smart tanning means comprehending both risks and benefits of sunlight.B. decline to K straight off vs. Personal secrecy (Ch. 5, Case 19, the Controversial Patriot Act) Tensions mingled with public informa tion and personal solitude will undoubtedly never ebb. Privacy issues do revolve on the conflict between the right of the public to know about something and the citizens right to keep the information to themselves (Joseph. , Robert & Lucinda, 2008, pp. 121). It is therefore crucial to shed limelight to some of the controversies that emerged in the Patriot Act which most address on information sharing.The Patriot Act was initially designed in order to enhance the investigations on federal anti-terrorism. However, the opponents of the senate asserted that the changes in the Act have failed to sufficiently address on the concerns of civil liberties with the raise of provisions. Section 203 (b and d) allows for information from the criminals to be shared with the intelligence agents as well as other governments bodies (NPR, 2010). However, the major controversy is that most critics believe that the unrestricted sharing business leader lead to development of intense databases on citiz ens who are not the main targets of crime.The supporters however assert that the provisions will enhance sharing of information at heart the intelligence community as well as the FBI. Section 206 (NPR, 2010) allows for the wire tap authorization in order to cover m each devices and eliminates the need for chat up authorizations to a suspects PC, cell phone as well as blackberry. The critics affirm that the language in the Act might lead to violations of privacy to anybody who might come into contact with a suspect. On the other hand, the government asserts that roving wiretaps are needed in order to deal with the sophisticated technological terrorists.Section 215 allows for easy access of business records (NPR, 2010). However, the critics attack this provision saying that the law can be used to order for reading records of bookstore patrons or library. On the other hand, the supporters allege that the provision will allow the investigators in obtaining documents that are connecte d to terror. Section (213) allows for the sneak and peek warrants where critics aver that the provision allows for search even for minor crimes apart from the espionage and terror crimes.The supporters assert that this provision allows investigators to search houses of criminals. Porters five competitive forces model are to a large extent applicable in this case study. As far as entry of competitors is concerned, it is very difficult for the government to implement on the provisions and learn full support with the major controversies that are emerging in the sections of the provisions. The critics will easily continue to criticize the provisions as long as there are questionable loopholes that raise concerns on mistakes, misuse and invasion of privacy.The Patriot Act is also under(a) threat of being substituted or implemented to some other that fits every citizen if it not properly defined by the government. The bargaining power of the buyers who are public in this case is quite strong and it will be difficult for them to work together unless the provisions are changed to adapt to everybodys preference and for the good of all. There is a strong competition and argument between the government supporters and the critics because of the barriers created by critics.One of the ethical theories that are in relation to this is the utilitarian theory which seeks the happiness of the majority. The provisions should be implemented in a way that suit everybody and turns happiness to the majority if not to all people. The controversial issues are immense as they touch on privacy concept that ought to be reinforced and respected. The other is consequentialist or teleological theory that views on what ought to be done determined by the consequences. The government should analyze on some of the effects of these provisions. The other is moral duty.Any act of rule is proper as long as it satisfies all the demands of the overriding or non consequentialist principles of moral ity. The deontology theory also stresses that any value of any action does lie in motives instead of the consequences. All these theories do apply the issue as the government should aim at increase happiness, acting morally, focus on the consequences of the actions as well as make their motives known to the public to create acceptance. As far as am concerned, under the guise of the Patriot Act and in the name of defending freedom and fighting terrorism, The Act is doing neither.It is suppressing the rights of the Americans to dissent as it gives the government power to go onward and conduct some secret trials as well as executions. For all who seek in preserving the democracy in USA, it is vital to consider all people rationally. Defense on democracy starts at home and there ought to be realization of democracy and freedom which the Act is quite antithetical to all. Since the inception of the Act, it has been shrouded with controversies and it is median(a) to have a clear and clo ser look to the consequences of the Act.This is an Act that will abuse access of private information as no one is in a position to define what suspicious behavior constitutes. The Act is a mere unpatriotic way of limiting the civil rights, infringing on the free communication or speech, interfering with freedom and infringing the citizens privacy rights. C. Media Interests vs. Community Interests Ch. 9, Case 39, Gatekeepers II Opening the Door) The broad concept of public please is quite old(prenominal) to most people and is usually considered as defense from media intrusion of peoples privacy under certain circumstances.Most things constitute the public interest in a vulnerable rather than what can be deemed as strong sense. Where something or an information might be seen to affect however one person, it might be in public interest incase the effect usually involves other principles that will have adverse effect on the creation for example the abuse of power or a grave crime. T he media do try to maximize and equalize their audiences thus livening stories which would in the long run go past the regulation guidelines. It is therefore imperative to give some facts about Gate Keepers II opening the door is concerned.This is a story about a protest and the Horowitz advertisement. It offers background on Horowitz advertisement and his main idea of running the advertisement in the college newspapers. It offers critically friendly view on the purpose of the advertisement. Horowitz happens to be a neoconservative journalist who attempted to go ahead and publish an advertisement entitled ten reasons why reparations for slavery are a bad idea for black people and racist too. Most college newspapers like Columbia and Harvard rejected the advertisement since the editors thought it was racist and offensive.The newspapers pointed out on the fact that they were not in any position to accept all advertisers who are in a position to buy an advertisement. Few newspapers ra n the advertisement and only the University of Chicago ran the advertisement without much hostility (Anthony, 2001). Most people view the rejection of the advertisement as evidence of a politically correct censorship in the American campuses but others have aired concerns on freedom of expression in USA. Some of the ethical theories that Horowitz should have focused on are virtue and moral theories that entails of behaving ethically without attacking any race.He should have also focused on utilitarianism theory to make sure he writes something that will bring maximum happiness to the majority. In my view, the Horowitz argument and essay was quite offensive to some extent. This is not because it was racist but he doesnt deny on the fact that slavery did occur or Africans who were enslaved were seriously wronged. He attempts to set an argument purportedly ascertain on which groups did benefit from the slavery and how they did. He contends that Blacks benefited from the slavery.His arg uments are to a certain extent offensive as his contention that the blacks benefited from slavery reduces the slavery wrongs. Also the argument that the blacks would be better in America than they would be in Africa sounds almost like justifying the brutal kidnappings on grounds the victims children might end up in countries with high living standard. References indoor(prenominal) tanning Smart tan. 2008. Retrieved 23, Aug 2010 http//www. tanningtruth. com/index. php/indoor_tanning/ Porters five forces. 2010. Strategic management. Retrieved 23, Aug, 2010 http//www. quickmba. com/strategy/porter. shtml Sebok, Anthony. 2001.The Horowitz slavery AD controversy, and the problem with conceptualizing human rights violations as property based. Retrieved 23, Aug, 2010 http//writ. news. findlaw. com/sebok/20010326. html Straubhaar, Joseph. , LaRose, Robert & Davenport, Lucinda. 2008. Media now Understanding media, culture and technology. USA Cengage Learning The Patriot Act Key controversi es. 2010. Retrieved, 23, Aug 2010 http//www. npr. org/news/specials/patriotact/patriotactdeal. html

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Smoking The Inhaled Killer Smoking is a very insalubrious garment that should be banned. This nasty habit has many grotesque side-effects. It causes yellow teeth, bad breath, smokers always smell like smoke, death, heart disease, cancer, asthma, emphysema, and many other wellness related problems. Smoking is also very expensive. Cost of smoking. com says that a person spends thousands of dollars a year on cig bettes. Smokers also pay more for insurance because they are expected to have a shorter life span.Not to mention the cost of health bills from the life-threatening effects. Why would you want to pick up a terrible habit that wastes your hard earned money and harms your body? Smoking should be banned to lower the poverty rate and make our world a healthier place. some other reason smoking should be banned is, second-hand smoke. Young children, family members, and even strangers are all affected by the smoke given off from cigarettes. Yes, even those who do not smoke their selv es.Whenever someone softs up, the smoke that is released goes into the air and everyone inhales it. This is a huge problem in public areas. I live with someone who smokes, and I scorn smoking. It is gross and makes air difficult to breathe. People who inhaled second-hand smoke can grow up to have lung cancer, or develop any of the other diseases cause by cigarette smoke. Smoke can also trigger asthma attacks, which have been known to cause death.Do you want to live with the guilt and know you caused the attack or disease that killed an innocent person or loved one? Some argue they are addicted to smoking because of the nicotine. This can be avoided by never starting the horrible habit or by using patches, pills, and the aid of a doctor to help you quit smoking. So next time you light up, or witness someone smoking, think about or remind them off the effects. Is the loss of a life really worth it?

Modern Day Hero Essay

H. English 12 February 27, 2013 Hines Ward as a Modern Hero There are very few people in the world today we screw consider heroes. These people are almost always brave, h unityst, compassionate, and smart. These qualities derriere all be found in Hines Ward. The things that make him a modern hero are his outstanding football career, dedication to kindliness, and perseverance for equality. Hines Ward would have never been able to achieve any of his goals or aspirations without his football career. It is the vessel that carried him forward in life, and it is what put him on top.Ward started out at a small high school in Atlanta, and then he went to The University of atomic number 31 where he was drafted to the professional football team, the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ward was easily one of the best receivers to tinker in the NFL by far. In an article written about one of Wards hits where he broke Keith Rivers jaw, Larry Brown says Lesson be learned always go hard and stay on your toes w hen youre occupying the same space as Hines Ward. other youre going to wind up hurt. (Brown).Just the idea that other players would have to pay attention to a singular player shows his ability. Even if Wards big hits werent enough, he is also one of eight people in NFL history to achieve a landmark 1,000 receptions. Hines is also the second player to have 1,000 receptions bit also having multiple Super Bowl wins. Ward has been in multiple Super Bowls. In Super Bowl XL, he was recognized as the plump fors MVP. Ward caught five passes for 123 yards, and had a touchdown. Even though he won this, he was still as humble as ever.Ward dropped a pass, and in an interview his teammate and quarterback Ben Roethlisberger said Hines was going to kill himself beca apply he dropped a touchdown pass. But you know what? He came out and made plays when he had to and thats what he does. (Super Bowl XL MVP). Ward is and forever will be one of the best players to play the game. There will never be many players who can match his intensity and ability. Although Ward ended up in a not so obscure place, he started very close to the bottom. He was innate(p) in Seoul, South Korea to his African American father nd his Korean mother. They moved to Atlanta, and his father left their family. Ward worked his way up from the bottom and had to tummy with many obstacles along the way. Ward is very dedicated to helping other people overcome the same obstacles he himself overcame. In South Korea, Ward had to patronage with discrimination due to being a mixed race child. After Ward became a professional football player, he was compelled to start a charity that would help deal with the issue of mixed-race discrimination in Korea and everywhere else.Ward called his charity The Hines Ward Helping Hands Foundation. Ward not only donates money, but a great deal of his time to his foundation. In an interview about his charity Ward said When I went to Korea and saw, firsthand, the biracial child ren, I could easily identify with them and they embraced me, like a hero. I do not want to let them down. I want to encourage them by providing them with resources and programs that will enhance their lives and chances for success in life. (Interview with Eric Kuhn). Ward clearly wants to do his best to help these kids.He shows perseverance and helps to provide these underprivileged children with hope for their future. Other traits that make a modern hero are humility and a supreme attitude. Ward is a player that demonstrates both. He is one of the hardest hitting players in the NFL, and one of the most humble. Ward says that Its like my mother still tells me, Always be humble, and never forget where you came from. My story is kind of a perfect story, of how I was able to overcome all that. Maybe some other kids can use that as motivation. (Hines Ward).Ward knows how lucky he is to have all the opportunities he was granted, and he doesnt take these opportunities lightly. Ward als o has a very positive attitude. many players recall after hitting him, or being hit by him that he always had a smile on his face. In a play against the Seahawks, Ward caught a pass and ran into the endzone for a touchdown. It wasnt the play that was extraordinary, but it was how Ward made the play. He ran the ball in the whole way, smiling. The NFL even took the mental picture taken of him making the play and made it into one of their go to advertisement pictures for the next course of instruction.The NFL put it on a raft of get throughicial publications the next year it was that iconic, that unusual. The NFL put it on a raft of official publications the next year it was that iconic, that unusual. (Collier). This one picture shows off Wards entire football career. Ward is just a regular guy, playing the game he loved every day, and doing it all with a smile on his face. He is an inspiration and a role specimen for all young people to look up to. Ward is easily one of the best people to ever play football, both on and off the field.His positive attitude mixed with his humble upbringing and overall ability is what makes him a modern day hero. Ward retired from the NFL with an unparalled dedication to his team. Hines Ward believes he can still play football. The longtime Pittsburgh wide receiver known for his high-wattage smile and his bone-crunching blocks just couldnt stomach the thought of doing it in some strange uniform on some strange field with nary a Terrible Towel in sight. (Hensley). Ward retired with dignity as an all-time best Steelers receiver, and he is a person that everyone can find some inspiration in.

Collagen and Extraskeletal Disorder

Osteogenisis imperfecta (OI) is a r ar genetic disorder of collagen synthesis associated with broad spectrum of musculoskeletal problems, most notably bowing and fractures of the extremities, heftman weakness, ligamentous laxity, and spinal deformities. (Binder, 386). Other collagen-containing extraskeletal tissues, such as the sclerae, the teeth, and the heart valves are in addition touched to a variable quantity degree. OI has a common feature of bony fragility associated with defective formation of collagen by osteoblasts and fibroblasts. (Smith, 1983, 13)This disease, involving defective instruction of the connective tissues, is usu aloney the result f the autosomal dominant gene, but can also be the result of the autosomal recessive gene. Spontaneous mutations are common and the clinical presentation of the disease stiff OI is most commonly referred to as unannealed bones, but opposite names include fragilitas ossium, hypolasia of the mesenchyme, and osteopsathyrosis.O steogenisis imperfecta is just not completely understood, and while there gift been advances in diagnosing the disease, Osteogenisis imperfecta is the result of mutations In the subdued dominantly inherited form of OI (type I), a non- serviceable allele for the of import 1 (I) chain halves ollagen synthesis, (Smith, 1995, 169) and is largely responsible for the inheritance. atomic number 53 base mutations in the codon for glycine causes lethal (type II) OI by wrecking the formation of the collagen triple helix.Types III and IV are the less dram- atic outcomes of similar glycine mutations in either the alpha 1 (I) or the alpha 2(I) The clinical signs can be caused from defective osteoblastic activity and defective mesenchymal collagen (embryonic connective tissue) and its derivatives, such as sclera, bones, and ligaments. The blink of an eye stomach fails to differentiate into mature collagen or the collagen develops bnormally. This causes immature and coarse bone formation T he signs and symptoms of OI vary greatly depending on the type.The most commonly used classification is the Type I is the mildest form of OI and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The sclerae(middle coat of eyeball) is distinctly blue. Type I is broken down into IA and IB the difference being whether dentinogenesis is present. IA has a flavor expectancy nearly the same as the general public. The physical activity is limited, and whitethorn egress to have no disability at all. The bones have a mottled or wormian appearance, forming smallish islands. Type II is lethal in utero or shortly there after deport.The survivors live from just a few hours to several months. The kayotypes of lifts are usually normal. This type is broken down into three subgroups IIA is characterized by a broad, crumpled femora and continuos rib beading, IIB by minimal to no rib fractures, and IIC by a thin femora and ribs with pro granded fracturing. While in the uterus, there is woeful fetal m ovement, depression fetal weight, poor ossification of the fetal skeleton, hypoplastic lungs, the long bones of the upper and lower limbs are shortened or deformed, and the head is soft.Intrauterine fractures ccur, and parinatal dying is usually from intracranial hemorrhage due to vessel fragility or respiratory di seek from pulmonary hypoplasia. The bones and other tissues are extremely fragile, and massive injuries occur in utero or delivery. The ribs appear bead or broken and the long Type III and IV are intermediate in roughness between types I and II. Type III differs from I in its greater severity, and from IV in that it increases in severity with age. It can be inherited as either a autosomal recessive or dominant trait.The sclerae is only slightly bluish in infancy and white in adulthood, although the average life xpectancy is 25 years. Type IV is always dominant. With types III and IV multiple fractures from minor physical stress occurs leading to get along withive and s evere deformities. Kyphoscoliosis whitethorn cause respiratory impairment and predisposition to pulmonary infections. Popcorn-like deposits of mineral appear on the ends of long bones. The symptoms of OI tarde (types I, III and IV) can appear when the claw begins to walk, and lessens with age. The tendency to fracture decreases and much disappears after puberty.Later in life, particularly during pregnancy and after menopause, more(prenominal) fractures occur. The bones are usually slender with short, thin cortices and trabeculae (fibers of framework), but can also be unusually thin. (Smith, 1983, 136) Narrow diaphysis of the long bones contributes to the fractures and bowing deformities. Scoliosis is common. The haversian cells are poorly developed. The bones lack minerals needed to form bone matrix. epiphyseal fractures (end of the bone) results in deformities and stunted growth (dwarfism). Osteopenia, the decrease in bone mass, is symptomatic.Other signs of OI include hyperexte nsibility of the joints double-jointedness and abnormally thin, limpid skin. Discolored (blue-gray or yellow-brown) and malformed teeth which break easily and are cavity prone are arrange in patients Patients with OI have a triangular-shaped head and face, a bilaterally bulging skull, and prominent eyes with a wide distance between the temporal region. Hearing loss by the age of 30-40 is the result of the thrust on the auditory nerve because of the deformity of its canal in the skull, and the development of otosclerosis.Recurrent epistaxis (nosebleeds), injure and edema (especially at the sight of fractures), difficulty tolerating high temperatures and mild hyperpyrexia are other symptoms. Thoracic deformities may impair chest expansion and the ability to effectively breath deeply and cough. (Loeb, 755) Patients are also more susceptible to infection. In assessing a patient data is needed just about the genetic level and have a bun in the oven of the child, as well as a comp lete development assessment from birth. Vital signs are taken, and periods of change magnitude heart and respiratory rate and elevated body temperature are note- worthy.Skin should be examined for color, elasticity, translucency, and signs of edema and bruising. A description of position and appearance of a childs trunk and extremities and facial characteristics should be noted. The summit of the child in terms of pass judgment growth, signs of scoliosis or laxity of ligaments, and range of motion of the joints are all important. Sight and hearing should be tested since there are sensory problems associated with OI. The appearance of the sclerae and tympanic membranes and defects of immemorial teeth and gums are important. (Jackson, X-rays usually reveal a decrease in bone density.There is no consensus, however, as to whether the diagnosis can be made by microscopy of bone specimens. (Isselbacher, 2112) DNA sequencing and incubating skin fiboblasts are deuce ways help diagnose OI. Prenatal ultrasonography is used to detect severely affected fetuses at about 16 weeks of pregnancy. Diagnosis of the lethal type II by ultrasound during the second trimester of pregnancy is by the identification of fractures of the long bones. Compression of the fetal head is seen by ultrasound probe, and low echogeneity of the cranium can be signs of skeletal dysplasia (faulty development of the tissues).Diagnosis is confirmed by postmortem query including radiography and biochemical studies of cultivated fibroblasts from the fetus. (Berge, 321) Diagnosis by analyzing DNA sequencing can be carried out in chronic villa There is no known treatment of OI at this time. Treatment therefore is predominantly confirming and educational. Because of multiple fractures and bruising, it is important to diagnose this disease in order to prevent Treatment of fractures is often thought-provoking because of abnormal bone structure and laxity of the ligaments. Splinting devices are used to stabilize the bones and to protect against additive fractures.Treatment aims to prevent deformities through use of traction and/or immobilization in order to instigate in normal development and rehabilitation. Limb deformities and repeated fractures can e corrected by intramedullary rods telescoping rods that stretch along with growth. After surgical placement of the rods, extensive post- operative care is required because greater amounts of blood and melted are lost. (Loeb, 755) It should be noted that the healing of fractures appear to be normal. (Isselbacher, 2112) Braces, immobilizing devices and Physical therapy is important in the treatment of OI.Bone fracture density in unfractured bone is decreased when compared with age-matched controls due to limited exercise, so it is essential to stay as active as possible. Physical therapy is also used for strengthening muscle and reventing disuse fractures with exercises with light Regular dental visits are necessary to monitor th e ogists for vision and audiologits for hearing is also essential. Radiologists need to examine the structure and density of the bones, and an orthopedist is needed to set fractures and take care of other bone related problems.Counseling and emotional support is needed for both the patient and the family. It is important not to limit a child because of his/her disabilities, and to realize that many victims of this disease live victorious lives. Debrah Morris, a successful business woman, and active fighter for isability rights and helping other patients of OI, says, If I had the choice to be anyone in the world, I would be exactly who I am. The people I have met, the challenges I have faced, the opportunities that I have been presented all are directly related to dealing with being a little person with brittle bones. (Kasper, 53)Many of the symptoms of OI can be confused with those of a battered child. X-rays are used to show try of old fractures and bone deformities to distingui sh the difference. The Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation (OIF) has is a national support group that offers assistance to families in this osition and to increase public awareness. The OIF has a medical advisory council, chapters, support groups, regional meetings, biennial national conferences, and parent contacts to help families feeling alone and helpless.They also publish a newsletter, provide literature and videos about OI, and sponsors a fund to support research. Magnesium oxide can be administered to decrease the fracture rate, as well as hyperpyrexia and constipation associated with this condition. (Anderson, 1127) A high-protein, high-carbohydrate, high-vitamin diet is needed to promote healing. A growth hormone has also been dministered during childhood, and is shown to comfortably increase growth.Treatment with bisphosphorates and related agents has been discussed to decrease bone loss, but no controlled studies have been done. Isselbacher, 2113) Since there is no cure f or oseogenesis imperfecta, appropriate and properly timed rehabilitation intervention is of the utmost importance to ensure that the child is able to function to the best of his/her ability in society. A ten year study that was submitted in 1992 proves this. 25 of 115 children with severe OI were observed since birth or infancy at the National Institutes of Health, MD and the Skeletal Dysplasia Clinic at the Childrens National Medical Center in D. C. One was Type I, two Type II, nine Type III, and thirteen Type IV.They were classified by physical characteristics and functional sort A consisted of those who were severely dwarfed with large heads and marked bowing , contractures, and weakness of extremities. The highest functional skill expected was free sitting. meeting B was growth deficient, but with a normal sized head. Femoral bowing, scoliosis, and contractures of the hip flexors were characteristics. they were expected to stand and/or ambulate with braces. Group C were less growth deficient, and had good strength, but poor endurance.They had marked joint laxity and poorly aligned lower extremity joints, but Group A patients were the most severely involved. Most were basically sitters. The majority were in all dependent in their self care. Group B had the potential to become at least short-distance ambulators. These patients had acquired the ability to move to sitting, but had transitional locomote problems, such as sitting to standing. ially independent in their self care. Group C had antigravity strength and 50% had good strength in their extremities. All were physically active and age-appropriately independent, but none were good trunk call walkers. Binder, 387-388)Progressive rehabilitation of these groups all included posture exercises and active range of motion and strengthing exercises. Group B had additional ROM and posture exercises, as well as Developmental exercises. Group C added coordination activities. Conclusion, solicitude of patients with OI should address the childs functional needs. Even though the degree of disability may be severe, management should not be limited to orthopedic procedures and bracing. Treatment lanning should be considered, but not totally based on genetic, anatomical, and biochemical abnormalities.Our ence suggests that clinical grouping based in part on functional potential can be useful in the appropriate management of children with OI. (Binder, 390) Independence was stressed in this study, and even patients with limited sitting ability, upper extremity function can be modify to at least minimal emancipation in self-help skills. Potential ambulators should be helped because, although their ability might not progress past indoor ambulation, walking will make them more independent and may result in ncreased bone mineralization.Poor joint alignment, poor balance, and low endurance can all be improved with persistent, individualized physical and occupational therapy. For best results, ther apy should be started as soon after birth as possible. Mainstreaming school aged children is also important. All of this together leads to age-appropriate social development and markedly improved independence and quality of life in the majority of Osteogenesis imperfecta is the most common genetic disorder of the bone. It occurs in about 1 in 20,000 live births, and is equally prevalent in all races and both sexes.The Type I OI has a population frequency of about 1 in 30,000. Type II has a birth incidence of about 1 in 60,000. Types III and IV are less common and may be as high as 1 in 20,000. (Isselbacher, 2111) The occurrence of OI in families with no history or blue sclerae is about 1 in 3,000,000 births. (Smith, 1995, 171) The recurrence risks in families is estimated to be 6 to 10%, but is only estimated because most couples choose not to have any more children. 15 to 20% of patients with OI do not carry the gene for abnormal collagen, making many wonder if there is yet another genetic problem undiagnosed at this time.

Tsunami in Japan

The massive wave of water, as high as 10 metres in near parts, reached more than five kilometres inland. The meteorological agency issued its top-level evacuation alerts for the entire Japanese coast amid warnings of a tsunami of amid six and 10 metres. Towns and farms around Sendai city in northern Japan have been engulfed by a seven-metre tsunami, while a four-metre wave swamped parts of Kamaishi on the Pacific coast.Residents have been ordered to high backdrop and stay away from the coast as tsunamis can strike in several waves. Seismologists say the jolt was 160 times more powerful than the one that devastated Christchurch last month. Japanese television has shown pictures of a skirt of water kilometres wide moving its way across the countryside, engulfing everything in its path. The Cosmo oil refinery in Chiba prefecture outside capital of Japan has exploded, sending flames dozens of metres into the air, with firefighters unable to contain the inferno.It is one of more than 40 blazes burning across Japan. An quake of this size has the potential to generate a destructive tsunami that can strike coastlines near the epicentre in spite of appearance minutes and more distant coastlines within hours, the agency said. A tsunami warning has been issued across the wider Pacific including Russia, the territories of Guam, Taiwan, the Philippines, the marshal Islands, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Nauru, Micronesia and Hawaii.Russia has evacuated 11,000 people from areas that could be affected, including Kuril islands and Sakhalin island. Hawaii has also ordered evacuations. The Bureau of Meteorology says thither is no tsunami threat to Australia. The quake, already considered one of the worst in Japans history, struck about 382 kilometres north-east of capital of Japan at a depth of 24 kilometres, the US Geological Survey said. The USGS reported at least(prenominal) eight strong aftershocks, including a 6. 8 quake on the mainland 66 kilometres north-east of To kyo.

Professional Writing and Composition: Meeting Announcement Essay

An announcement letter can be forwarded to predicate a person of the itinerary of the meeting (LetterExpert.co.uk, 2007). It can be transmitted to reveal happenings such as banquets, weddings etc. It can also be written to convey to the community about the results of a competition, a changes in the institutional regulations, to call a meeting, or to inform the compevery de officements regarding industrial action. Below is a sample of letter announcing or informing a meetingPreparations were completed for a meeting to be held on 28 November 2007, at 8 oclock in the morning, in Multimedia throng room, Legacy building located at 88 Magalia St. NY. The said gathering has the following objectivesTo discuss the requisite requirement of the proposalTo know the description and characteristics of the new project designTo identify the forms and span of researches to be undertaken relative to new design prototype development of GE Refrigeration System.To be ready in the beginning the formal launching of the project, this meeting is considerably required. Re generateatives from public and private organizations and media entities are requested to be present at the actual launching.Within two weeks after the assembly, you are required to provide your commentaries and analysis of the objectives of the project, expression of the organization, the timetable for the whole duration of the project, the scope and limitation of the research and whether or not a group of consultants is require during the whole project, and also any further commentaries that you may wish to express. You may also provide any information on the advantages and disadvantages of the projects location.We are warmly sending you invitation to attend and be part of the said gathering. We trust that the early participation of all the groups interested in this project will accession the efficiency and quality of cooperative planning. Individuals who would require backup instruments to properly communicate to be able to bear on in the talk are encouraged to inform their needs and inclination to the Executive Director for this proposed project at 710928719 or TDD phone number 4618691.ReferencesBoundary Between Professional Engineering Society and assure Licensing Board.August 29, 2006. National Academy of Engineering Retrieved November 26, 2007 from LetterExpert.co.uk (2007) Letter of Announcement. Retrieved November 26, 2007 fromhttp//www.letterexpert.co.uk/LetterOfAnnouncement.htmlProject Sample Letters. (2007). Project Development occasion Manual. 6. 368-370